Glass Family Tree^©

What studio glass is

For most of its history, glass was made in factories. An object passed from a designer’s drawing through a team of specialists: someone mixed the batch, a gaffer led the team at the furnace, assistants gathered and shaped, and cutters, engravers and polishers finished the work. It was a trade, learned by apprenticeship and handed down inside workshops and families, nowhere more than on Murano, where some firms have worked under the same family names for centuries.

Studio glass is the idea that one artist can take a work in glass from raw material to finished object in their own studio, at a furnace small enough to own. In America that idea became real in 1962. Harvey Littleton, a ceramist teaching at the University of Wisconsin, led two workshops at the Toledo Museum of Art. Dominick Labino, an industrial glass scientist, solved the problems of the glass and the furnace, and Harvey Leafgreen, a retired Libbey glassblower, showed the group how to gather and blow. Together they proved that hot glass could be worked by an individual, outside industry.

Littleton then started a glass program at Madison, and his students carried it outward. Marvin Lipofsky built the program at Berkeley. Dale Chihuly went on to the Rhode Island School of Design and, in 1971, founded Pilchuck Glass School north of Seattle with the patrons John and Anne Gould Hauberg. Sam Herman took hot glass to the Royal College of Art in London and later to Adelaide. Fritz Dreisbach and Henry Halem became two of the field’s great teachers. Within a decade, glass was taught at universities and craft schools across the country, including Penland, Haystack, Alfred, Illinois and RIT. Each program produced teachers who started more programs.

The movement was never only American. Littleton’s friend Erwin Eisch was making free, painterly glass in Bavaria in the same years. In Czechoslovakia, specialized glass schools and the Prague academy trained artists in a discipline of their own, and Stanislav Libenský and Jaroslava Brychtová developed cast glass on an architectural scale. Their students carried that approach worldwide. In Finland, Denmark and Italy, factories brought in designers such as Tapio Wirkkala and Timo Sarpaneva, Per Lütken at Holmegaard and Carlo Scarpa at Venini, and their sense of form and color shaped how a generation saw the material.

The factory and studio traditions met when Murano masters began teaching in American studios. After Lino Tagliapietra came to Pilchuck in 1979, artists who had been teaching themselves learned Venetian cane, murrine and incalmo directly from a maestro. In the other direction, Adriano Berengo’s studio in Venice invited painters and sculptors from outside glass to work with Murano masters. Its Glasstress exhibitions, from 2009, put glass in front of the contemporary art world.

The studio idea traveled with people. Bill Boysen toured Australia in 1974 with a mobile furnace, Sam Herman opened the hot shop at the JamFactory in Adelaide that same year, and Klaus Moje’s workshop in Canberra, from 1982, made Australia a center for kiln-formed glass. At the torch, Paul Stankard brought flameworking, a skill rooted in scientific glassblowing, into museums and taught a generation of lampworkers.

Artists alone did not make studio glass a field. Galleries devoted to the medium gave the work a market. Habatat, the Hampson family’s gallery, has shown it since the early 1970s. Collectors then built collections and gave them to museums. Women were part of the movement from the first workshops, though histories have often credited them last; see Women of Glass.

Today studio glass is a web of lineages: who taught whom, who assisted whom, who stood at whose furnace. Recording that web is the job of the Glass Family Tree©.

Reading the Glass Family Tree©

The Glass Family Tree© is a genealogy of people, not of styles. A line from one name to another means a documented working relationship: student and teacher, teaching assistant, studio assistant or member of a team. Admiration and influence don’t count as lines. Those artists are listed under Outside influences.

Where to start. The main trunk is Harvey Littleton and the people who learned from him, then from them, and so on. Open any name to see its branch. Beside the trunk are the Other founding lines, for artists who reached glass on their own; the Visiting masters who taught in American studios; and the International roots. Those include the Czech schools, the design line from Finland and Denmark, the Venetian families of Murano and the Berengo line. Australian artists appear inside the lines that trained them, so Canberra’s graduates hang from Klaus Moje and his successors.

Marks along the way. † means an artist sits in more than one line, as many did, studying with one teacher and assisting another. The Imagine · n tag gives the number of the artist’s works in the Imagine Museum collection. In the program lists, ○ marks a school founded or led by someone from Littleton’s line. In the Artist index, ● marks artists already placed on the tree.

Studios and teams. Some places were workshops, not classrooms, where dozens of artists learned by working side by side. Pilchuck, Chihuly’s team, Benjamin Moore’s and Lino Tagliapietra’s teams, and Bullseye Glass are gathered under Studios & teams.

Where the lines come from. Every link rests on a source: books and exhibition catalogs, school and residency records, artists’ own CVs and biographies, and more than fifty years of firsthand knowledge from Habatat. Each section notes the books it draws on. If a relationship can’t be documented, it isn’t drawn.

How it grows. The tree is a work in progress. If you studied with, assisted or worked beside someone, add yourself. Every submission is reviewed before it appears.

From one studio to a nation of programs

Much of university glass in America traces back, directly or indirectly, to Harvey Littleton’s first glass course at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1962. The students, teaching assistants and studio assistants who worked alongside him carried hot glass to new campuses, and their own students carried it further. Corey’s Glass Family Tree© project maps these lines of teachers, students and assistants across the field.

• Harvey LittletonImagine · 16173University of Wisconsin–Madison · first university glass program, 1962. MFA in ceramics, Cranbrook (1951), where the Finnish ceramicist Maija Grotell was a defining influence
  • Tom McGlauchlinImagine · 3Littleton’s assistant at Madison and a participant in the 1962 Toledo workshop; started the second university glass course in the United States, at the University of Iowa (1964); later directed the University of Toledo–Toledo Museum of Art glass program for thirteen years
  • Marvin LipofskyImagine · 1010One of the six students in Littleton’s first university glass class at Madison (1962–63); founded glass at UC Berkeley (1964) and California College of the Arts (1967)
    • Jay MuslerImagine · 5Studied with Lipofsky at California College of Arts and Crafts in the late 1960s
    • Richard Marquis^†Imagine · 108One of Lipofsky’s first students at Berkeley; taught at Penland in 1971
      • Nick Mount^†Imagine · 33Met Marquis on his Australian tours (1974, 1976), worked with him in California (1980) and, encouraged by him, studied in the United States and Europe; his Budgeree Glass became a training ground for Australian glassblowers
        • Tom Rowney^†Trained at Budgeree; when it closed (1991) went to Klaus Moje at Canberra on Mount’s advice
        • Robert WynneWorked part-time at Budgeree Glass (1979–81); MA in glass, California State University, Chico (1983); founded Denizen Glass Studio, Manly, Sydney (1991). Benjamin Edols was his assistant (1987–92). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
        • Keith RoweStudied glass at Sydney College of the Arts (1979–81); a Crafts Board traineeship (1982) to work with Mount at Budgeree Glass; founded the Glebe Hot Glass Studio, Sydney (1983–90), an access studio renting furnace time and teaching beginners; co-director of the Glass Artists’ Gallery, Sydney (1982–86). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
      • Dante Marioni^†Imagine · 2Worked for Marquis at Noble Effort, his Northwest production studio
      • Richard RitterImagine · 151Studied with Marquis and Mark Peiser at Penland (1971); Penland artist in residence (1973–77); teacher of Richard Jolley
        • Dean Allison^†Imagine · 2Studied with Ritter at Penland
      • Janis MiltenbergerImagine · 1Apprenticed with Marquis at Marquis Deluxe Studio, Berkeley (1978), while studying with Lipofsky at California College of Arts and Crafts; also worked with Ginny Ruffner
  • Dale Chihuly^†Imagine · 770Studied with Littleton at Madison; founded the RISD glass program (1969) and led it into the 1980s; co-founded Pilchuck Glass School (1971)
    • Pilchuck Glass School26Co-founded by Chihuly with John H. and Anne Gould Hauberg in 1971. Below, artists who came up through Pilchuck as teaching assistants or staff and returned to teach, from the faculty and staff lists in Pilchuck: A Glass School (Tina Oldknow, 1996)
      • Benjamin Moore^†Imagine · 4At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1975–76; staff 1977–86, then faculty 1979, 1987; artist-in-residence 1980
      • Michael Glancy^†Imagine · 5At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1977–78, 1981, then faculty 1982–86, 1988
      • Michael ScheinerAt Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1977–81; staff 1982, then faculty 1990, 1993
      • Richard HarnedAt Pilchuck: staff 1977, 1979, then faculty 1982, 1986, 1994
      • Ray KingAt Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1978, then faculty 1982
      • Richard Royal^†Imagine · 4At Pilchuck: staff 1978, 1980–89, 1993, then faculty 1989–90, 1993
      • Sidney Hutter^†Imagine · 4At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1978, then faculty 1995
      • Sonja Blomdahl^†At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1978, 1980–81; staff 1978, then faculty 1985
      • William Morris^†Imagine · 7At Pilchuck: staff 1978–88, 1990–92, 1995, then faculty 1988–90; artist-in-residence 1987
      • Flora MaceImagine · 4At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1979; staff 1984, then faculty 1981–83, 1986–90; artist-in-residence 1980, 1987
      • Susan Stinsmuehlen-AmendAt Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1980, then faculty 1982–83, 1985–87, 1989–92, 1994; artist-in-residence 1981
      • Toots Zynsky^†Imagine · 5At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1980, then faculty 1984; artist-in-residence 1982
      • Walter LiebermanAt Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1980, 1986, 1990; staff 1981, 1988–89, then faculty 1983, 1989, 1993; artist-in-residence 1987
      • Hank Murta AdamsAt Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1981, then faculty 1995
      • Ursula HuthAt Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1981, then artist-in-residence 1987
      • Cappy ThompsonAt Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1983; staff 1987–90, then faculty 1988–89, 1992
      • José Chardiet^†Imagine · 5At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1983–85, then faculty 1989–90
      • Robert CarlsonAt Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1986, 1988; staff 1983, then faculty 1989–90, 1992, 1995
      • Curtiss Brock^†At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1984–85; staff 1986–92, then faculty 1991–92
      • Warren LangleyAt Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1984, then faculty 1986, 1988, 1991–92
      • KéKé CribbsAt Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1985, then faculty 1987, 1989, 1992
      • Martin Blank^†Imagine · 12At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1989; staff 1985, 1991–92, then faculty 1993–94
      • Nick Mount^†Imagine · 3At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1985, 1987, 1992–93, then faculty 1995
      • Dante Marioni^†Imagine · 2At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1987; staff 1986, 1988–90, 1992, 1995, then faculty 1990–93, 1995
      • Laura DoneferImagine · 2At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1987–89, then faculty 1993, 1995
      • Josiah McElheny^†At Pilchuck: teaching assistant 1988–90, 1993, 1995; staff 1991–92, then faculty 1994
    • Stephen SkillitziAustralian; his biography in Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995) calls him Chihuly’s first student (late 1960s); MFA, University of Massachusetts (1970). Back in Australia he built furnaces, gave public glassblowing demonstrations and pressed art schools to take up hot glass from the early 1970s, and taught glass at the South Australian College of Advanced Education (1976–87); in Habatat’s 18th and 19th Internationals (1990–91)
    • Nicolas AfricanoPainter and sculptor, among the first visiting artists at Pilchuck, who went on to make cast-glass figures; represented by Nancy Hoffman Gallery, New York; Janusz Walentynowicz worked as his studio assistant (per Corey Hampson)
    • Dan DaileyImagine · 95Chihuly’s first graduate assistant at RISD, helping build its glass studio (MFA 1972); founded the glass program at Massachusetts College of Art and Design (1973)
      • Leah WingfieldImagine · 4Studied with Dailey at Pilchuck; also studied with Henry Halem, worked with Clifford Rainey at a Pilchuck graduate workshop, and was a teaching assistant for William Morris
      • Robin GrebeImagine · 6Studied with Dailey
      • Mary Van ClineStudied with Dailey at Massachusetts College of Art
      • Sonja Blomdahl^†Studied with Dailey at Massachusetts College of Art
      • Sidney Hutter^†Imagine · 4Studied with Dailey at RISD; see also David Huchthausen
    • James CarpenterRISD BFA (1972); Chihuly’s collaborator from 1970 to 1974; taught at Pilchuck
    • Toots Zynsky^†Imagine · 51One of Chihuly’s early RISD students; developed her signature filet de verre
      • Harue ShimomotoStudio assistant to Toots Zynsky (per Corey Hampson)
    • Therman StatomImagine · 3RISD BFA (1974); among Chihuly’s protégés
    • Michael Glancy^†Imagine · 51RISD BFA (1977) and MFA (1980) in glass with Chihuly; taught at RISD for nearly forty years
      • Josiah McElheny^†Studied with Glancy at RISD (per Corey Hampson)
    • Howard Ben TréImagine · 6Recruited to RISD by Chihuly (MFA 1980); a pioneer of cast glass, acquired by the Barry Art Museum with Corey’s help
    • Flora Mace & Joey KirkpatrickAssistants to Chihuly at Pilchuck, including on the Macchia series (1982)
    • William Morris^†Imagine · 76Began as Pilchuck’s truck driver, became Chihuly’s head gaffer (late 1970s to early 1980s), then led his own studio team; Habatat International jurors’ awards, 2004–2006
      • Rik AllenImagine · 5Assistant to Daniel Clayman, then a member of the William Morris sculpture team for twelve years (from 1995), specializing in engraving and cold-working
      • Shelley Muzylowski AllenImagine · 8Member of the William Morris team
      • Karen Willenbrink-Johnsen1Member of the William Morris team
        • Ross RichmondWorked with Willenbrink-Johnsen and the Morris team
      • Raven SkyriverImagine · 2Worked with Karen Willenbrink-Johnsen at Pilchuck, then joined the William Morris team; later invited onto Lino Tagliapietra’s team; studied Venetian technique with Davide Salvadore
      • Martin JaneckyImagine · 2Assistant on the William Morris team (per Corey Hampson)
    • Richard Royal^†Imagine · 4Began in glass at Pilchuck in 1978 and became one of Chihuly’s main gaffers before working independently
    • Karen LaMonte^†Imagine · 23Trained in the RISD glass department Chihuly founded (BFA with honors, 1990) and worked at Pilchuck; fellow of the Creative Glass Center of America; Fulbright to Prague’s Academy of Arts, Architecture & Design (1999–2000). Her cast work is in the Muskegon Museum of Art through Corey’s gift, and in the Women’s Leadership Center collection
    • Roni HornStudied at RISD (BFA 1975) in the years Chihuly led its glass program, then earned an MFA in sculpture at Yale (1978); cast-glass sculpture since the mid-1990s
    • Bruce Chao2RISD BFA; later head of RISD’s glass department
      • Martin Blank^†Imagine · 12RISD BFA (1984), then Pilchuck, and a member of Chihuly’s team before his own studio career; Habatat International award winner and creator of commissions for the Arthur M. Blank Foundation
      • Daniel Clayman^†Imagine · 6Trained in studios across America in the 1970s, then earned his BFA at RISD (1986); later adjunct at RISD and the first endowed chair of glass at the University of the Arts (2018)
    • Hank AdamsImagine · 42RISD BFA (1978); taught at Pilchuck; ran the glass program at Wheaton Village (WheatonArts), Millville, New Jersey (per Corey Hampson)
      • Isabel De ObaldíaMakes her glass at WheatonArts in Millville, in the program Adams ran (per Corey Hampson)
      • Jenny & Sabrina Pohlman KnowlesJenny Pohlman worked with Hank Adams, and Sabrina Knowles with Paul Marioni, at Pilchuck before forming their collaboration
    • Steve WeinbergBFA, Alfred University (1976); MFA, RISD (1979)
    • Danny PerkinsPilchuck student in the 1980s
    • Benjamin Moore^†Imagine · 48Undergraduate at California College of Arts and Crafts, where Lipofsky taught (1974); studied and worked with Chihuly at RISD (MFA 1977); Pilchuck’s educational coordinator into 1987, who brought Venetian masters to teach there
      • Lino Tagliapietra^†Imagine · 276The Murano maestro Moore invited to teach at Pilchuck in 1979, opening Venetian technique to American glassblowers
        • Gabriella BisettoTook the 1990 New Zealand workshop given by Lino, Dante Marioni and Richard Marquis; later head of glass at the University of South Australia
        • Peter BremersImagine · 33Trained as a sculptor in Maastricht; turned to glass after a workshop with A. D. Copier, then took Tagliapietra’s course in Amsterdam (1989)
        • Dante Marioni^†Imagine · 23Hired into Moore’s studio out of high school; “just about everything I know from a technical standpoint, Lino has taught me”; also studied with Richard Marquis
          • Benjamin Edols1Student of and teaching assistant to Dante Marioni at Pilchuck across seventeen sessions; calls himself as much a graduate of Pilchuck as of Sydney and Canberra
            • Tom Rowney^†Assisted Ben Edols for about seven years from 2000, learning the cane work of Dante and Lino “by proxy”
          • Nancy CallanImagine · 5Studied with Marioni at Pilchuck and with Tagliapietra at Haystack; nineteen years on Tagliapietra’s team
      • Preston SingletaryImagine · 1Pilchuck from 1984; assistant to Moore, and studied with Moore and Tagliapietra at Pilchuck (1987)
  • Fritz DreisbachImagine · 514Assistant to Littleton and MFA, University of Wisconsin (1967); began the glass program at the Toledo Museum of Art that fall; led the founding of the Glass Art Society; helped build Penland’s first glass furnace; the itinerant teacher who carried hot glass to studios nationwide
    • Bill Brown10Director of Penland School of Craft, who opened it to hot glass
      • Mark PeiserImagine · 18Learned glassblowing in a five-week Penland course (1967) and became Brown’s first resident glass artist at Penland (1967–70); a founder of the Glass Art Society; taught Richard Ritter at Penland in 1971
      • Rob LevinPenland resident artist in glass (1976–80) under Brown’s resident program
      • Paul Marioni1Taught at Penland and Pilchuck; a mentor to Sabrina Knowles
        • Tony HanningVictorian glass artist and writer; partner in Budgeree Glass (1981); studied glass with Paul Marioni in Seattle (1984); teaching assistant at Pilchuck (1987). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
      • Susan Taylor GlasgowImagine · 3Trained at Penland and held a residency there
      • Stephen Dee Edwards^†Penland resident artist in glass (1980–83), in the program Brown founded
      • Rick & Valerie BeckPenland resident artist in glass (1992–94), in the program Brown founded
      • Jennifer & Thor BuenoPenland resident artist in glass (2004–07), in the program Brown founded
      • Micah EvansPenland resident artist in glass (2012–15), in the program Brown founded
      • Dean Allison^†Imagine · 2Penland resident artist in glass (2015–18), in the program Brown founded
    • Michael TaylorImagine · 92Began working in glass at Penland in 1968, encouraged by Dreisbach; assisted Littleton (1970); taught at Tusculum College, Peabody College (Vanderbilt) and Rochester Institute of Technology
      • Richard JolleyImagine · 6Studied with Taylor at Tusculum from 1970 and followed him to Peabody for his BFA (1974); further study at Penland with Richard Ritter
      • Alex BernsteinImagine · 11Studied with Taylor (MFA, Rochester Institute of Technology); later taught at RIT, Cleveland Institute of Art, Penland and the Corning Studio; former head of glass at the Worcester Center for Crafts; Habatat solo exhibition Excavating Light, 2025
  • Henry HalemImagine · 82BFA, Rhode Island School of Design; graduate study with Littleton in the late 1960s; early graduate of Littleton’s program and his assistant at UW–Madison; founded the glass program at Kent State University (1969), the oldest in Ohio; first president of the Glass Art Society
    • José Chardiet^†Imagine · 5MFA, Kent State University, and its artist in residence (1985); later professor of glass at the University of Illinois
    • Deanna ClaytonImagine · 1Chose Kent State for Halem’s glass program and studied there two years
  • Bill Boysen3Littleton’s student; built Penland’s first glass facility and began teaching there (1965); founded the glass program at Southern Illinois University Carbondale; took glassblowing across Australia on the 1974 “Blowglass” tour with a mobile furnace
    • Denis O’ConnorAssisted Boysen on the 1974 Blowglass tour
    • Peter DochertyAssisted Boysen on the 1974 Blowglass tour
    • Rick BeckImagine · 5MFA, Southern Illinois University; assisted Curtiss Brock and Jan Mares at Pilchuck; teaching at Penland since 1988
  • Robert FritzImagine · 63Received a Littleton scholarship (1964) for a four-week glass seminar at Madison; founded the glass program at San José State University
    • David HopperThe first MFA in glass under Fritz at San José State (1969); co-founded Orient & Flume Art Glass with Doug Boyd (1971)
    • Stephen Dee Edwards^†BA, San José State (1978), in Fritz’s program; MFA, Illinois State (1980), in the program Joel Philip Myers founded; Penland resident artist (1980–83); built Alfred University’s hot-glass program (1988–2010), one of the largest in the country, and co-founded its National Casting Center; President of the Glass Art Society (1991)
    • Brent Kee Young^†Imagine · 8BA, San José State (1971); then MFA at Alfred (see Andre Billeci)
  • Kent Ipsen2BA, MA and MFA, University of Wisconsin; began the glass program at Minnesota State University, Mankato, and led the glass program at Virginia Commonwealth University
    • Jon KuhnImagine · 4Studied with Ipsen at Virginia Commonwealth University
    • Jim TannerInherited Ipsen’s glass program at Mankato and built its first glass facility
  • David Willard1Assistant professor of glass at the University of Wisconsin (1977)
    • Kate Vogel & John LittletonJohn Littleton did independent study with Willard and graduated from UW (BS 1979)
  • Peter Pelletieri1Taught glass at Southern Connecticut State University
    • William LeQuierImagine · 7Studied with Pelletieri
  • Edith FranklinLittleton’s student at the Toledo Museum School in the 1950s; took part in the first Toledo glass workshop (1962)
  • Norm SchulmanTook part in the second Toledo workshop (1962); introduced glass at the Rhode Island School of Design (1965) and hired Dale Chihuly to head its glass program (1969)
  • Erik EriksonTook part in the second Toledo workshop (1962) and rebuilt the furnace with Littleton in Madison; co-founded the New York Experimental Glass Workshop, now UrbanGlass, with Richard Yelle (1977)
  • Frank KulasiewiczLittleton’s former ceramics student; with him set up the glass studio at Columbia Teachers College for the 1964 conference
  • Sybren ValkemaBlew glass with Littleton and his students in New York (1964); taught European glass techniques at Madison (1968), then brought glass into the Rietveld Academy, Amsterdam (1969)
  • Audrey HandlerOne of the women in Littleton’s first glassblowing classes at Madison (1963); studied at the Royal College of Art
  • Pat EschOne of the women in Littleton’s first glassblowing classes at Madison (1963)
  • Joan Falconer ByrdOne of the women in Littleton’s first glassblowing classes at Madison (1963); later his biographer
  • Monona RossolOne of the women in Littleton’s first glassblowing classes at Madison (1963); became the leading advocate for artists’ health and safety and founded Arts, Crafts and Theater Safety (ACTS)
  • Roland JahnFormer Littleton student; Philadelphia College of Art
  • Jack InkLittleton’s student, noted for engraving
  • David DonaldsonMFA under Littleton (1973); later an assistant curator of twentieth-century glass
  • Littleton Studios, Spruce Pine11Littleton’s North Carolina studio from the late 1970s, home of vitreography, printing from glass plates
    • Gary Beecham^†His former Madison student; studio assistant (1980–85)
    • Ken CarderPenland artist-in-residence; a longtime studio assistant
    • Wayne LedfordLongtime studio assistant
    • Dan DurranceAssistant who became the studio’s specialist in computer-generated imagery in vitreography
    • Judith O’RourkeMaster printer from 1988, who carries on Littleton Studios
    • Erwin Eisch^†Imagine · 5Has frequently made prints at Littleton Studios
    • Ann Wolff^†Imagine · 26Vitreographs at Littleton Studios (1982)
    • Stanislav LibenskýImagine · 8Vitreographs at Littleton Studios (1996)
    • Emilio VedovaVitreographs at Littleton Studios
    • Thomas BuechnerVitreographs at Littleton Studios
    • Jiří Harcuba^†Imagine · 1Visited the studio after teaching with Littleton at Pilchuck (1987); now includes printing from glass plates in his Corning courses
  • Dan SchwoererLittleton’s assistant at Madison in the late 1960s, mixing batch; co-founded Bullseye Glass in Portland, whose compatible glass carried kiln-forming worldwide
  • Boris DudchenkoImagine · 1Littleton’s student in the mid-1960s; established the glass program at Carnegie Mellon University, later run by Kathleen Mulcahy
  • Fred MarcusBFA, University of Illinois (1964); graduate study with Littleton at Madison (c. 1965–67), in the same class as Fritz Dreisbach and Dale Chihuly; established the first glass program at the University of Illinois (c. 1967); later taught sculpture at UCLA
  • Vernon BrejchaStudent at Madison in the late 1960s; taught at Tusculum College, Tennessee, then for two decades at the University of Kansas; a major figure in 1970s glass
  • Peter BramhallImagine · 1Student at the University of Wisconsin (1964); later attended Penland sessions
  • Bill & Kate BernsteinPenland resident artists (1968–70); worked with Littleton in the mid-1970s
  • David HuchthausenImagine · 93Littleton’s graduate assistant at UW–Madison in the early 1970s; directed the glass program at Illinois State University (1976–77); Fulbright at the J. & L. Lobmeyr studio, Vienna (1978); led the glass program in Tennessee until 1989
    • Gary Beecham^†Undergraduate at Madison; Huchthausen’s assistant during his Fulbright at Lobmeyr, Vienna (1978), then worked for Huchthausen and Paul Seide at Milropa Studios, Queens (1979–80); now has his own studio in North Carolina
    • Curtiss Brock^†Huchthausen’s student in Tennessee in the mid to late 1980s; took over the glass program there after Huchthausen left in 1989
    • Sidney Hutter^†Imagine · 4Learned glass from Huchthausen; also studied with Dan Dailey and Henry Halem; known for laminated plate-glass vessels, from his studio in Newton, Massachusetts
  • Sam HermanImagine · 122Brought studio glass to Britain and Australia: Royal College of Art, London, and JamFactory, Adelaide
    • Peter Layton5Discovered glass while teaching ceramics at the University of Iowa (1965), learning from the movement’s forerunners, among them Herman and Marvin Lipofsky; founded London Glassblowing on the Thames at Rotherhithe in 1976, now in Bermondsey
      • Charles RamsayJoined Layton at London Glassblowing in its early years
      • Norman Stuart ClarkeWorked with Layton in the Rotherhithe studio (1979)
      • Siddy LangleyWorked at London Glassblowing in its early years
      • Simon MossLayton’s collaborator on large float-glass and steel sculptures (1991–2000)
      • Tim RawlinsonGlassblower on the London Glassblowing team, shaping its future with Sophie Layton
    • Peter GossAmong the first apprentices in Herman’s hot-glass workshop at the JamFactory, Adelaide (from 1974)
    • Rob Knottenbelt1Among Herman’s first JamFactory apprentices (JamFactory Workshops, 1975–77); later ran Britannia Creek Glass, his studio at Wesburn, Victoria (from 1984)
      • Clare BelfrageHot-glass graduate of the Chisholm Institute of Technology, Melbourne (1988); assistant to Knottenbelt at Britannia Creek and to Michael Hook at Resolution Glassworks (1990–91); JamFactory resident designer (1991–92), then worked from Nick Mount’s studio in Adelaide. From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
    • Tom PerssonAmong Herman’s first JamFactory apprentices
    • John WalshAmong Herman’s first JamFactory apprentices
    • Pauline SolvenWith Åsa Brandt, the first women students to blow their own work at the Royal College of Art, in the hot glass program Herman built (late 1960s)
    • Åsa BrandtSwedish; with Pauline Solven, the first women students to blow their own work at the Royal College of Art
    • Clifford RaineyImagine · 22MA in glass, Royal College of Art (1973), during Herman’s years there; later taught at the RCA, then chaired the glass program at California College of the Arts (1991–2022)
      • Oben AbrightImagine · 1BFA in glass, California College of the Arts (2004), under Rainey’s chairmanship
      • Karen LaMonte^†Imagine · 23Also a student of Rainey’s at California College of Arts and Crafts; see Dale Chihuly
    • Jon Clark5BA, UW–Madison (1970); assisted Lipofsky at California College of Arts and Crafts (1972); tutored by Herman at the Royal College of Art (MA 1972); founded the glass program at Temple University’s Tyler School of Art (1973) and led it until 2009
      • Gene Koss4MFA, Tyler School of Art; founded the glass program at Tulane University (1976) and led it for nearly fifty years
        • Stephen Rolfe PowellImagine · 61Worked with Koss at Tulane while developing his work, alongside time at Haystack and Penland; founded the glass program at Centre College (1985), working with Lino Tagliapietra
          • Patrick MartinCentre College, class of 1986; returned to lead its hot glass program
        • Marlene RoseImagine · 31Learned glassblowing at Tulane, where her professor taught her sand casting; graduate study at California College of Arts and Crafts during Clifford Rainey’s years; now a leading sand-cast sculptor, working from St. Petersburg, Florida
          • Trish DugganLearned sand casting from Rose; founder of the Imagine Museum and Corey’s collaborator

Other founding lines

Founders who built programs in the same years, on paths of their own.

• Dominick LabinoImagine · 13Staged the groundbreaking 1962 glassblowing workshops with Littleton at the Toledo Museum of Art
  • Gilbert Johnson2Initial training with Labino at a Toledo Museum of Art workshop (1966); taught at the College for Creative Studies, Detroit
    • Albert YoungImagine · 1BFA, College for Creative Studies (1982), where Johnson taught
    • Herb BabcockImagine · 6BFA, Cleveland Institute of Art; has taught at the College for Creative Studies since 1974
• Andre Billeci4Founded the glass program at Alfred University (1963)
  • Brent Kee Young^†Imagine · 81MFA, Alfred University (1973); head of glass at the Cleveland Institute of Art, 1973–2014
    • William CarlsonImagine · 6BFA, Cleveland Institute of Art (1973), where Young taught; MFA, Alfred (1976); taught at the University of Illinois, where John Miller earned his MFA
  • Kathleen MulcahyImagine · 21MFA, Alfred University (1972–74)
    • Matt EskucheImagine · 1Studied with Mulcahy at the Pittsburgh Glass Center (2005–08)
• Joel Philip MyersImagine · 106Former design director at Blenko; founded the glass program at Illinois State University (1970), where David Huchthausen earned his MFA
  • Jack SchmidtImagine · 8Graduate degree, Illinois State University (1973), after post-graduate study at Alfred; later taught at UW–Madison, Cleveland Institute of Art, Pilchuck and Penland
  • Stephen Dee Edwards^†MFA, Illinois State University (1980); later built the hot-glass program at Alfred University (see Robert Fritz)
  • David SchwarzMaster’s degree, Illinois State University (early 1980s); maintains a private studio
  • Janusz WalentynowiczImagine · 4Studied at Illinois State, where Myers taught
  • John MillerImagine · 101First studied glass at Southern Connecticut State University (1987); MFA in sculpture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1997), where he also taught; studied with William Carlson at Illinois; university assistant to Peter Pelletieri at Southern Connecticut (1989–92); succeeded Myers as head of the Illinois State glass program; longtime Pilchuck gaffer, coordinator and instructor
    • John MoranBFA, Tyler School of Art (2006); MFA under Miller at Illinois State (2013) — “I went to ISU for him mainly”; PhD, Geppert Academy, Wrocław (2021); winner of Netflix’s Blown Away Season 3
• Robert “Bud” HurlstoneBuilt and led the glass program at Bowling Green State University for 28 years
• Hans Godo Fräbel1Lampworker and studio founder, Atlanta
  • Ginny Ruffner^†Imagine · 6Apprenticed as a lampworker at Fräbel Studio for about five years; taught the first flameworking class at Pilchuck (1984) and introduced borosilicate glass there; also taught at Penland; Glass Art Society Lifetime Achievement Award (2019)
• Jerry & Lee Coker1Flameworkers in Florida and Lake Placid, New York
  • Shane FeroApprenticed to Jerry Coker at fifteen, later working with Jerry and Lee Coker; studied at Penland (1988–89) and Pilchuck (1991); past president of the Glass Art Society
• Tim Tate^†Imagine · 73Studied at Penland (per Corey Hampson); co-founded the Washington Glass School in Mount Rainier, Maryland, with Erwin Timmers in 2001
  • Michael Janis^†Imagine · 1Learned from Tate at the Washington Glass School (per Corey Hampson), later its co-director and Tate’s longtime collaborator
  • Jeff ZimmerLearned from Tate at the Washington Glass School (per Corey Hampson)
  • Cheryl DerricotteLearned from Tate at the Washington Glass School (per Corey Hampson)
• Toland SandImagine · 1Born in Berkeley (1949); philosophy degree, Colorado College (1971); largely self-taught, beginning in stained glass in the mid-1970s, then glassblowing, and constructed sculpture in polished optical crystal since 1985; among the first to use dichroic glass in sculpture (1986); New Hampshire
• Claude Horan2Head of ceramics at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, who launched its glass program and built the university’s first glass furnace beside his ceramics studio; the glass studio was designed in 1972, one of the first built within an American university
  • Rick Mills1Moved to Hawaiʻi in 1981, earned his MFA at Mānoa and has directed its glass program since 1989, as its sole instructor, bringing in visiting artists
    • Weston LambertBFA, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (2007), in the program Mills directs; MFA, Tulane (2012); now teaches at Pilchuck, laminating glass with stone
• Josh Simpson2Learned to blow glass at Goddard College in 1972, while a student at Hamilton College; taught at Penland (1989); based in Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts, known for his Planets
  • Ed BransonSimpson’s hot-shop assistant, 1982–87
  • Daniel Clayman^†Imagine · 6Simpson’s hot-shop assistant, 1982–83, before his BFA at RISD
• Steve LinnBorn in Chicago (1943); came to glass from sculpture in wood and bronze in the early 1980s, combining carved and cast glass with bronze in his documentary portrait sculptures; Ferdinand Hampson brought his work to collectors through Habatat
• Paul StankardImagine · 231943–2026. Flameworker of botanical paperweights and orbs, who came from scientific glass: trained in scientific glassblowing at Salem County Vocational Technical Institute, New Jersey (from 1961), where Francis Whittemore taught, and worked under Whittemore at Philco-Ford (1967) before leaving industry in the early 1970s. Helped create Salem Community College’s glass art degree; a teacher of a generation of flameworkers, lampworkers and borosilicate artists, many of them trained in the Salem program (see Studios & teams)
  • David GraeberApprenticed with George Vail (1986–89), then Stankard’s long-time studio assistant from 1989; encouraged by Stankard to strike out on his own in 2009
  • Katherine Stankard CampbellHis daughter; worked under his tutelage from 1995 and became his collaborator; BFA, University of the Arts, MFA, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
  • Trevor McKeeGlass art student at Salem Community College, where Stankard sparked his interest and kept him in the program
• Laura Donefer, Shane Fero & Robert Mickelsen1Instructors at Pilchuck
  • Kathleen ElliotStudied with all three at Pilchuck (2001–03), returning as an instructor in 2013

Visiting masters

European maestros who were already masters before they came to teach at Pilchuck and American universities, and who shaped the studio movement. Pino Signoretto was Alfredo Barbini’s assistant in Murano in the late 1950s and early 1960s; at Pilchuck, Debora Moore studied with him and with Ruth King. Lino Tagliapietra, Libenský and Brychtová, and Erwin Eisch appear in the tree where their students are documented.

The first decade

Artists who made major contributions as the movement spread through the universities, some of whom later left glass: Boris Dudchenko and Fred Marcus, and Doug Johnson, an influential teacher at the University of Wisconsin–River Falls.

Outside influences

Artists who came to glass on their own paths, outside the teaching lines above: Tom Patti, Albert Paley, Kreg Kallenberger, Norwood Viviano, Eric Hilton, Christina Bothwell, Emily Brock and Vivian Wang Mary Shaffer graduated from RISD (1965) before its glass program began, and was already exhibiting paintings in Italy and the United States. Chihuly invited her to critique his students, among them Dan Dailey, Michael Glancy and Howard Ben Tré; she began using the glass kilns while he was on sabbatical, with no formal training in glass, and with Nicolas Africano she was one of the first visiting artists at Pilchuck.

Before Toledo: the proto-studio pioneers. Glass was already being made in American studios before 1962, by designer-craftsmen working warm glass and enamels: Maurice Heaton (1900–1990), son of an enameler and grandson of a stained-glass maker, who came from London to New York in 1914 and made enamelled and fused glass for Ruth Reeves, Radio City Music Hall and department stores; Michael and Frances Higgins, whose fused and laminated glass tableware sold through Marshall Field, Bloomingdale’s and Georg Jensen in the 1950s and who were fusing large screens and panels by 1962; and Edris Eckhardt, trained as a sculptor at the Cleveland School of Art, who carried the techniques of studio ceramics into cast glass and showed in Corning’s Glass 1959. From Martha Drexler Lynn, American Studio Glass 1960–1990 (2004).

International roots

The European and Australian lines that grew alongside the American movement, and met it at Pilchuck and at Habatat.

• Josef Drahoňovský27Sculptor and engraver; professor at the Prague School of Decorative Arts (UMPRUM) until 1938, whose pupils carried intaglio engraving into the glass schools of Turnov, Železný Brod and Kamenický Šenov. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Karel Štipl21Architect and sculptor; pupil of Drahoňovský, Celda Klouček and Josip Plečnik; took over Drahoňovský’s glass students in 1938 and led the Prague Academy studio of glass and sculpture, teaching both studio work and industrial design; after him the studio was led by Václav Plátek. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Jiří Harcuba^†Imagine · 16Apprentice at Harrachov, the glass school at Nový Bor, then Štipl’s studio (1949–54); the leading Czech engraver; taught at the Prague Academy (1961–71) until jailed for a medal protesting the 1968 invasion; after 1991 head of its studio of medals and engraved glass. Pavlína Čambalová and April Surgent are named as disciples in his tradition. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass and Bohemian Glass: The Great Masters
      • Rony PleslImagine · 365Studied glass under Harcuba at the Prague Academy (1984–90); head of its glass studio since 2008, in the line of Kaplický, Libenský and Kopecký
        • Kateřina HandlováGraduate of Plesl’s glass studio at the Prague Academy, after Ilja Bílek’s studio in Ústí nad Labem. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
        • Tadeáš PodrackýGraduate of Plesl’s glass studio at the Prague Academy (2008–14). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
        • Lukáš HoudekNamed by Petrová among the best-known graduates of Plesl’s studio. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
        • Jakub PetrNamed by Petrová among the best-known graduates of Plesl’s studio. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
        • Ladislav PráchaGraduate of Kopecký’s and Plesl’s studios in Prague; teaches design and light objects at Kamenický Šenov. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Pavel HlavaImagine · 31Apprenticed at 15 to the engraver Božetěch Medek and trained with Ladislav Přenosil, then graduated from Štipl’s studio; the most successful designer of machine-made drinking glass; first American solo exhibition at Habatat (1982). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Tomáš HlavičkaImagine · 30Began in glass in 1976 working with Hlava, his father-in-law; his first exhibition was at Habatat
    • František ViznerImagine · 1Studied in Štipl’s studio with the lecturers Václav Plátek and Jozef Soukup. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • František ZemekA pupil of Štipl; a gifted designer who died in 1961. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Václav HanušŠtipl student; designer of pressed glass. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Miloš FilipŠtipl student; designer of pressed glass. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Adolf MaturaŠtipl student and engraver. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Jitka ForejtováŠtipl student who shaped Czech glass throughout her life. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Miloslava Svobodová-WyckmansPupil of Štipl and Václav Plátek; designed for the Škrdlovice glassworks (1962–66). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Luboš MetelákStudied in Štipl’s studio (1953–59); one of the Metelák brothers Petrová names among Štipl’s successes; designer at Harrachov. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Karel HrodekŠtipl’s student (1936–41); taught at Nový Bor and directed the Železný Brod glass school (1952–54). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Miloslav KlingerŠtipl’s student (1942–48); taught at and directed the Železný Brod glass school. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Václav PlátekŠtipl’s student, then the senior lecturer who led the studio after him. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Jozef SoukupEngraver from Štipl’s studio and later a lecturer there. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Jaroslav BrychtaSculptor, pupil of Drahoňovský and Bohumil Kafka; professor at the Železný Brod glass school for forty years from 1920 and for a time its head; father of Jaroslava Brychtová. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Ladislav PřenosilEngraver and pupil of Drahoňovský (and of Wilhelm von Eiff in Stuttgart); taught at the glass schools and trained Pavel Hlava. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Božetěch MedekPupil of Drahoňovský; headed engraving at the Železný Brod school; took the 15-year-old Pavel Hlava as his apprentice. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Jindřich TocksteinPupil of Drahoňovský who shaped production around Železný Brod. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Karel TučekPupil of Drahoňovský who executed his designs and taught at the glass schools. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
• Jaroslav Holeček7Pupil of the painter František Kysela; head of the Czech department of the glass school at Nový Bor, who brought his students to the Prague School of Decorative Arts and led its Studio of Applied Painting and Artistic Glass in the 1940s; Libenský studied with him before Kaplický. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Josef KhýnAmong Holeček’s students. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Věra LiškováAmong Holeček’s students; designed for Lobmeyr and, from 1950, mainly for Moser. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Benjamin HejlekAmong Holeček’s students. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Miroslav BabickýAmong Holeček’s students. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Ctirad SmolkaAmong Holeček’s students. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Miluše RoubíčkováAmong Holeček’s students (born Kytková); married René Roubíček. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Josef HospodkaStudied under Holeček (1940–45); taught at Nový Bor and directed the Chřibská school. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
• Josef Kaplický86Founder of the glass studio at the Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design, Prague, who kept it a free and creative place through the 1950s; after his death in 1962 Libenský took over. He trained in the studio of Vratislav Hugo Brunner and was his assistant (1926–27), returned to the school in 1945 and in 1948 took over the studio of painting on glass, inheriting Holeček’s students. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Stanislav Libenský & Jaroslava Brychtová35Libenský studied first under Jaroslav Holeček and then under Kaplický (1949–51), taught at the Železný Brod glass school (director 1954–63), and led the Academy glass studio from 1963; taught at Pilchuck from 1982 at Chihuly’s invitation; first American solo exhibition at Habatat (1984). Brychtová, daughter of Jaroslav Brychta, entered Karel Štipl’s studio in 1939 and studied with the sculptor Jan Lauda from 1947 (per Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass). Karel Vaňura was Libenský’s assistant, then senior lecturer, in the studio (1965–88)
    • Ivan MarešImagine · 15Glass school at Kamenický Šenov (1971–75), then the Prague Academy under Libenský (1977–83), where he began leaving his cast surfaces rough
    • Vladimíra KlumparImagine · 12Studied under Libenský at the Prague Academy, where she made her first kiln-cast work
    • Ivana MašitováTrained in the atelier of Libenský and Brychtová at the Prague Academy
    • Petr HoraImagine · 51Trained under Libenský; opened his own studio after 1992; his final American exhibition was at the Hampson Gallery, St. Petersburg (2020)
    • Jan ExnarImagine · 47Glass school at Železný Brod from age fifteen, then Libenský’s studio at the Prague Academy (1970–76); independent artist since 1976
    • Aleš VašíčekImagine · 9Železný Brod, then Libenský’s studio, graduating in 1972; with Pavel Trnka, a leader of prismatic cut-glass sculpture
    • Pavel TrnkaImagine · 8Listed among Libenský’s students; prismatic optical-glass sculpture
    • Gizela ŠabókováImagine · 8Apprenticed at Chlum u Třeboně (1967–69), then Železný Brod (1969–73) and Libenský’s studio (1973–79)
    • Jaromír RybákImagine · 9Studied glass with Libenský at the Prague Academy (1973–79)
    • Zdeněk LhotskýImagine · 12Glass schools at Světlá nad Sázavou and Železný Brod, then Libenský’s studio (1978–84); since 1994 runs the Lhotský cast-glass studio at Pelechov, which casts for many leading artists
    • Marian VolrábImagine · 2Engraving at Kamenický Šenov, then the Prague Academy under Libenský and Jaroslav Svoboda (1982–88); assistant to Vladimír Kopecký
    • Ivana ŠrámkováImagine · 10Železný Brod, then a member of Libenský’s last class at the Prague Academy (1981–87)
    • Ján ZoričákSlovak; studied in Prague in Libenský’s studio (from 1968, in the group that joined it with Vašíček, Karel and Plíva), the channel between the Prague and Bratislava academies; later settled in France. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Marian Karel3Graduated from the Železný Brod glass school (1967) and joined Libenský’s studio in 1968; later professor of the Glass in Architecture studio at the Prague Academy. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Petr StanickýStudied with Karel at the Prague Academy (1993–2000); head of the Glass Design Studio at Tomas Bata University, Zlín (from 2008). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Tets OhnariJapanese; among Karel’s most remarkable students and trainee designers. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Michal MotyčkaGlass in Architecture studio under Karel (1995–2000). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Ilja BílekImagine · 26Železný Brod glass school, then Libenský’s studio (1969–75); head of the glass studio at the Faculty of Art and Design, Ústí nad Labem (1996–2017). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Martin OplGraduate of Bílek’s studio; Libenský Award (2017). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Zuzana KubelkováGraduate of Bílek’s studio in Ústí nad Labem. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Jitka SkuhraváStudied with Bílek, then a master’s in Prague. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Luba BakičováSlovak; the glass school at Lednické Rovne, then Bílek’s studio in Ústí nad Labem, where she became head of the workshop. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Irena CzepcováBílek’s studio (2006–13); co-founder of the lighting brand Pe-no-cze. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Michaela SpružinováGraduate of Bílek’s studio, then its curatorial programme. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Oldřich PlívaŽelezný Brod, then Libenský’s studio (1965–71); head of the glass department at Brno University of Technology since 2013. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Pavel MizeraJoined Libenský’s studio in 1968; later led the studio of spatial design at Ústí nad Labem. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Josef KochrdaNový Bor and Železný Brod schools, then Libenský’s studio (1960–66); taught at Kamenický Šenov (1969–94). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Jiří JetmarŽelezný Brod, then Libenský’s studio (1970–77). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Jiří DostálŽelezný Brod, then Libenský’s studio (1964–70); later director of the glass jewellery school at Jablonec. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Eliška RožátováFinished her studies under Libenský with kiln-cast sculpture (1966–67). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Pavel JežekFinished under Libenský with kiln-cast sculpture (1967); taught hot glass at Železný Brod and directed the school (1990–99). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Břetislav Novák Jr.Imagine · 8Followed his father, the cutter Bretislav Novák Sr., and his teacher Libenský; taught at Železný Brod. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Jaroslav RónaLibenský’s student; with Zdeněk Lhotský led the Tvrdohlaví (The Stubborn) group of the 1980s. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Charles ParriottAmerican who studied under Libenský and became the ambassador between Pilchuck and the Czech glass scene. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Latchezar BoyadjievImagine · 6Admitted to the Prague Academy under Libenský (1985); emigrated to the United States in 1986
  • Vladimír KopeckýImagine · 611Studied under Kaplický (1949–56); led the Prague Academy glass studio after Libenský (1990–2008)
    • Klára HoráčkováImagine · 5Studied in Kopecký’s glass studio (2000–06); head of its glass workshop, 2008–13; assistant to Rony Plesl from 2012
    • Petr LarvaStudent of Kopecký’s studio; Swarovski Prize (1995). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Alena MatějkaImagine · 1Kopecký student (formerly Matějková); with Jana Voldřichová won the Premio per il miglior Aperto Vetro, Venice (1996). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Jana VoldřichováKopecký’s student; influential in engraved glass. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Stanislav MüllerStudent of Kopecký’s studio in the mid-1990s. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Pavel MrkusStudent of Kopecký; later taught the next generation. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Daniel HanzlíkStudent of Kopecký; with Mrkus made the master’s project Introitus. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Josef DivínStudent of Kopecký. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Kateřina KrausováŽelezný Brod, then Kopecký’s studio (1996–2002). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Lada SemeckáKamenický Šenov, then Kopecký’s studio; taught at the Toyama Institute of Glass Art (2008–12). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Ingrid Račková & David SuchopárekGraduates of the Prague Academy (1993–99): she in Kopecký’s glass studio, he in glass in architecture; working together as IRDS since 2001
  • Václav CiglerImagine · 4024Studied in Kaplický’s studio (1951–57); founded the Glass in Architecture studio at the Academy of Fine Arts and Design, Bratislava (1965), and led it until 1979
    • Juraj Gavula7Graduated from Cigler’s department in 1969; head of the academy’s Department of Glass Design, 1990–2007. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
      • Vladimír ZbyňovskýGraduated 1991. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
      • Palo MachoTrained at the glass schools of Nový Bor and Kamenický Šenov (1980–86); entered the Bratislava glass studio in 1989, in Žáčko’s last year as head, and graduated in 1995 under Juraj Gavula, with a stay at the École des Beaux-Arts, Saint-Étienne (1993); has taught in the studio since 2011 with Patrik Illo and Milan Opálka. In the North Bohemian glass schools he studied glass painting under Karel Rybáček, Bohumil Žáhla, Josef Kochrda and Václav Machač (per Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass)
      • Patrik IlloGraduated 1998; head of the glass studio from 2010. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
      • Oliver LeššoImagine · 15Graduated 1999. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
      • Leoš ŠmejkalImagine · 2Glass school, then the Bratislava academy under Gavula (1993–99); co-founder of Bystro Design (2005). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
      • Andrej JakabGraduated 2000. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
      • Lenka ŠimonyiováGraduated 2007. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
    • Askold Žáčko3Graduated from Cigler’s department in 1971; succeeded him as head, leading the Department of Glass Design, 1980–90. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
      • Miloš BalgavýGraduated 1984. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
      • Viktor OravecGraduated 1985; head of the department, 2007–10. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
      • Milan OpálkaGraduated 1986; teaches in the studio with Patrik Illo and Palo Macho. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
    • Ľubomír ArtzNamed by Petrová among the outstanding artists who studied with Cigler in Bratislava. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Marian MudrochStudied with Cigler; graduated 1971 (per Slovak Contemporary Glass). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Jiří BoháčCigler’s student at Bratislava (graduated 1974); shown in Czech glass exhibitions of 1970. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Ivan HrošoCigler’s student at Bratislava (graduated 1971). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Jozef TomečkoGraduated 1972. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
    • Eva FišerováGraduated 1973; as Eva Dolejšiová-Fišerová. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
    • Juraj OpršalGraduated 1978. From Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)
    • Pavel TomečkoStudied in Cigler’s Glass in Architecture studio at Bratislava (1967–73; graduated 1973, per Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)) after the Železný Brod glass school; emigrated to Adelaide (1982), where the JamFactory hired him to set up its glass cutting and polishing workshop and train apprentices (1983–85); later his own Unley workshop. Shown in Habatat’s touring Australian Kilnformed Glass (1989–91). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
    • Pavol HlôškaImagine · 9Graduated in 1979, in the last class of Cigler’s department (per Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008)); among the artists who brought optical glass to Slovak art
    • Štěpán PalaImagine · 132Cigler’s best-known student at Bratislava; graduated 1975 (per Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, Bratislava, 2008))
      • Marek BrinčkoImagine · 9Studied glass at the Academy of Fine Arts and Design, Bratislava (2000–06), with private lessons in Pala’s studio (2005–06); graduated 2006 under Juraj Gavula
      • Zora PalováImagine · 9Named by Petrová among the artists who studied with Cigler at Bratislava; Pala’s longtime partner in glass; their joint exhibition Synergy opened at Habatat in 2023
  • Jiřina ŽertováImagine · 4Admitted to the Prague Academy in 1950 and graduated from Kaplický’s studio
  • Ladislav OlivaKamenický Šenov, then Kaplický’s studio (1951–57); designer for Borské sklo and taught at the glass schools. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Oldřich LípaNamed by Petrová among Kaplický’s famous students. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Jan NovotnýKamenický Šenov, then Kaplický’s studio (1952–57); shown at the 1957 Milan Triennale. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Zdena StrobachováKaplický student shortlisted for the 1957 Milan Triennale. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Adriena ŠimotováKaplický student shortlisted for the 1957 Milan Triennale. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • František TejmlStudied in Kaplický’s studio (1951–57). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Dana VachtováKaplický student; painting on glass. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Karel VaňuraKaplický student; Libenský’s assistant, then senior lecturer in the glass studio (1965–88). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • František BurantStudied under Kaplický; later professor at the Prague Academy (1982–90). From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Ivo BurianŽelezný Brod, then the Prague Academy under Kaplický and Libenský (1959–65); headed painting on glass at Železný Brod. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
  • Bohumil Eliáš Sr.Imagine · 41Graduate of Kaplický’s studio; his kinetic glass Fountain was a highlight of Expo 67, Montreal. From Sylva Petrová, Czech Glass
    • Bohumil Eliáš Jr.Imagine · 16Learned glass in his father’s studio; glass school at Kamenický Šenov (1996–2000), then sculpture at the Prague Academy under Jan Hendrych
• Klaus MojeImagine · 330German kiln-glass pioneer; first American solo exhibition at Habatat (1981); founded the Glass Workshop at the Canberra School of Art, Australian National University (1982), shaping generations of Australian glass artists
  • Scott ChaselingMoje’s student; with Moje and Kirstie Rea developed the “Great Australian roll-up,” joining kiln-formed and blown glass. Earlier a JamFactory trainee glassblower (1983–86); helped build the Canberra School of Art hot-glass studio (1987); assistant to Dante Marioni (1989) and to Chihuly and Lino Tagliapietra (1991), per Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Stephen Procter8British glass artist who succeeded Moje as head of the Canberra Glass Workshop (from 1992); the ANU’s Christine and Stephen Procter Fellowship, held by Alexander Rosenberg in 2023, honors him
    • Jane Bruce1English-trained; joined Procter at Canberra (1994), head of the workshop (2000–02), teaching until 2004
      • Mel DouglasStudied at the ANU under Procter and Jane Bruce
    • Giles Bettison1Canberra graduate; Bullseye Glass residency, Portland (1998)
      • Janice VitkovskyWorked under Bettison in his New York studio (2003–04) as assistant and mentee, then a postgraduate year at the ANU
    • Jessica LoughlinGraduated from Canberra with first-class honours and joined the Bullseye residency (1998), where she began her Horizon Line series
    • Claudia BorellaCanberra graduate; Bullseye residency (1998)
    • Tom Rowney^†Graduated from the Canberra Glass Workshop (1995) while Procter led it
    • Mel GeorgeGraduated from the Canberra Glass Workshop (2000) while Procter led it
  • Richard Whiteley7Trained under Moje at the Canberra School of Art (BVA 1987); MFA, University of Illinois (1992); returned to teach at the school, then headed the ANU Glass Workshop (2002–2019), then joined The Studio at the Corning Museum of Glass; Habatat collaborated with the Shanghai Museum of Glass on his exhibition
    • Nadège DesgenétezOn the ANU glass faculty with Whiteley since 2005; eighteen Pilchuck sessions as student, gaffer, staff, teaching assistant and instructor
    • April SurgentImagine · 2Graduated with honors in glass from the Australian National University (2004) while Whiteley led the workshop; also studied at Pilchuck
    • Deirdre FeeneyGraduated from the ANU Glass Workshop (2005)
    • Ruth OliphantGraduated from the ANU Glass Workshop (2008)
    • John WhiteBachelor of Visual Arts, ANU (2012); later a resident at Canberra Glassworks
    • Rose-Mary FaulknerBachelor of Visual Arts (Glass) with honours, ANU (2016)
    • Emeirely Nucifora-RyanBachelor of Visual Arts (Honours), ANU (2018)
  • Benjamin Edols & Kathy ElliottGraduated together from the Canberra Glass Workshop (1992), trained in the workshop Moje founded and led until 1991
  • Kirstie Rea1Graduated from the Canberra School of Art glass workshop under Moje and set up her studio in 1987
    • Itzell TazzymanChilean-born; BA with first-class honours in glass, Canberra School of Art (1993); assistant to Kirstie Rea on a public-art commission (1994). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Isobel WatersGraduate of the ANU Glass Workshop (2024), in the line Moje began
  • Judi ElliottCeramicist who graduated from the Canberra School of Art glass faculty (1985); in Habatat’s International and its touring Australian Kilnformed Glass (1989–91). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Mikaela BrownBA in glass, Canberra School of Art (1984–87); trainee glassblower at the JamFactory (1988–90); MA at Canberra from 1993. From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Elizabeth KellyJamFactory glass trainee; BVA in glass, Canberra (1989–91); studio assistant to Moje (1990–91) and to Cedar Prest; then lecturer in the glass studio at Sydney College of the Arts. From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Robyn CampbellBA in glass at the ANU Institute of the Arts (1990–93), under Moje (1990–92) and Stephen Procter (1992–93). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Velta VilmanisAdelaide architect who took a BA in glass at the Canberra Institute of the Arts (1989). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Kerry WilliamsGraduate Diploma, Canberra School of Art (1986); later taught clay and glass at Curtin University, Perth. From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Luna RyanDutch-born; BA in glass, Canberra Institute of the Arts (1987–90). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Judith Bohm-ParrBA in glass, Canberra Institute of the Arts (1986–89); pâte de verre and cast glass; set up her studio and glassworks in Cairns (1993). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
• Maureen Cahill5Trained in glass at Stourbridge, England (BA Hons, 1974–77); founded the Glass Department at Sydney College of the Arts (1977) and led it; instigated the First National Glass Conference, Sydney (1978), where Ausglass was formed; co-founded the Glass Artists’ Gallery, Sydney (1982–83). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995). Benjamin Edols took his BA under her (1991)
  • Giselle CourtneyBA in glass and jewellery, Sydney College of the Arts (1980); lampworker; teaching assistant to Ginny Ruffner at Pilchuck and at Ausglass (1989); taught at Sydney College of the Arts and CITA, Canberra. From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Deborah CocksGraduate Diploma in glass, Sydney College of the Arts (1984–85); ran Cocks and Blum’s Glass Workshop with Jan Blum (1987) and the Hancock and Cocks workshop with Bridget Hancock (1988–90), Leichhardt, Sydney. From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Jan BlumBA and Graduate Diploma, Sydney College of the Arts; Pilchuck; assistant to Ginny Ruffner at Ausglass (1988). From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Jane CowieGlass and sculpture, Sydney College of the Arts (1983); assistant to Ursula Huth (Germany), Nicolas and Claude Morin (France) and Iestyn Davies (England); JamFactory trainee (1989–90); built Spinifex Glass Studio, Adelaide. From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Sergio RedegalliMilan-born; BA (1984) and Graduate Diploma (1988), Sydney College of the Arts; founded Cydonia, The Glass Studio, Sydney. From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
• Julio Santos1Portuguese-born glassblower who taught at the Caulfield Institute of Technology, Melbourne; his latticino glass was given to heads of state visiting Australia. From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Don WrefordEnglish-born; completed a Graduate Diploma with Santos at Caulfield; a year at the JamFactory with Stanislav Melis (1979); hot-glass studios at Malmsbury, Gisborne and Daylesford, Victoria. From Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
• Ann Robinson5New Zealand (born Auckland, 1944). Studied at the University of Auckland’s Elam School of Fine Arts (1980); co-founded Sunbeam Glassworks, Auckland, with the glassblowers John Croucher and Garry Nash (1981); left Sunbeam in 1989 to work only in cast glass from her studio at Karekare, on Auckland’s west coast, and became one of the developers of lost-wax casting in glass. Taught lost-wax casting of hollow forms at Pilchuck and at the Canberra School of Art (1990, 1992) and at Carrington Polytechnic, Auckland; in Habatat’s International (1993) and its touring Australian Kilnformed Glass (1989–91). ONZM (2001). From Wikipedia and Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
  • Garry NashSydney-born glassblower who moved to New Zealand; her partner in founding Sunbeam Glassworks (1981); in Habatat’s International Glass Invitational (1987)
  • Layla WalterNamed among the newer New Zealand glass artists who worked under Robinson’s tutelage (Wikipedia)
  • Mike CrawfordNamed among the newer New Zealand glass artists who worked under Robinson’s tutelage (Wikipedia)
  • Emily SiddellNamed among the newer New Zealand glass artists who worked under Robinson’s tutelage (Wikipedia)
  • Ruth AllenAuckland-born; took Robinson’s cast-glass workshop at CITA, Canberra, among other workshops, per Noris Ioannou, Australian Studio Glass (1995)
• Zoltán BohusImagine · 93Studied at the Hungarian Academy of Applied Arts, Budapest, and became head of its glass department; the founding figure of Hungarian studio glass
  • Mária LugossyImagine · 3Among the “Bohus disciples” of Hungarian glass; exhibited with Bohus from the 1980s
  • László LukácsiImagine · 7Graduated from the Hungarian Academy of Applied Arts (1985); exhibited with Bohus and Lugossy in Paris, Luxembourg and Chicago
  • Péter BorkovicsImagine · 7Graduate of the same Budapest school, now the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design (MOME)
• Péter BotosImagine · 18Self-taught in glass after a degree in sociology from Eötvös Loránd University; working in optical glass in his own workshop since 1989, in the line of Moholy-Nagy and Kepes
• Martin Rosol1Czech-American glass artist
  • Tomáš BrzoňImagine · 21Glassmaking school, then worked with Rosol after graduating in 2003
• Jaroslav WasserbauerImagine · 17Trained at the glass school in Světlá nad Sázavou and as a glass cutter at Josefodol; part of the Škrdlovice atelier (1986–88); his own studio since 1988
• Hisatoshi IwataFounder (1972) and first president of the Japan Glass Artcrafts Association, which began with 56 charter members; under Iwata and then Kyohei Fujita it organized the Glass in Japan exhibitions (from 1978), sent Glass ’90 in Japan and later shows to Heller Gallery, New York, and welcomed Marvin Lipofsky (1975), Harvey Littleton and William Carlson (1982), Pavel Hlava (1986) and Colin Reid (1987). From the association’s chronology
• Tama Art University glass program6Tokyo. The craft-design glass course whose teachers and graduates shaped Japanese studio glass and the Toyama City Institute of Glass Art (1991). From Outspoken Glass (Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, 2003)
  • Makoto ItoAssistant professor in Tama’s glass program and lecturer at the Toyama City Institute of Glass Art; in Habatat’s 21st International Glass Invitational (1993). From Outspoken Glass (Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, 2003)
  • Yoshihiko TakahashiGraduate and teaching assistant in Tama’s three-dimensional design department (1980–82); worked at Glashaus am Wasserturm, Germany (1982–84); artist in residence at the Canberra School of Art (1991); lecturer at Tama from 1995 and instructor at Pilchuck. From Outspoken Glass (Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, 2003)
  • Ryoji Shibuya1Tama sculpture graduate (1981), then the Gerrit Rietveld Academy, Amsterdam (1986); on the preparation office for the Toyama City Institute of Glass Art (1990), then its assistant professor and professor (1998). From Outspoken Glass (Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, 2003)
    • Takeshi FukunishiOsaka-born (1966); graduated from the Toyama City Institute of Glass Art (1993) and was its assistant (1993–97); studied glassblowing under Lino Tagliapietra at Haystack. From Outspoken Glass (Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, 2003)
  • Harumi YukutakeTama craft-design (glass) graduate (1989); Pilchuck (1990); Rhode Island School of Design; fellowship at the Creative Glass Center of America (1996); instructor at the Toyama City Institute of Glass Art from 1997 and at Pilchuck (1999). From Outspoken Glass (Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, 2003)
  • Shinji YoneharaTama craft-design graduate; in the glass section of the Hokkaido Industrial Research Institute (1988–93), then his own Nopporo Glass Studio, Ebetsu; made the trophy for the Nagano Olympics’ honorary prize. From Outspoken Glass (Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, 2003)
• Toshio IezumiImagine · 2Trained at the Tokyo Glass Art Institute (graduated 1985); professor of glass at Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts for 21 years (1995–2016), teaching a generation of Japanese glass artists
• David ReekieStudied glass and ceramics at Stourbridge College of Art (1967–70); a founding member of British Artists in Glass (1976), now the Contemporary Glass Society; developed his own lost-wax casting method
• Margit M. TóthImagine · 4Hungarian pâte de verre sculptor; Lajos Kozma Fellowship (1993); Habatat International Glass Invitational awards in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009 and 2012
• Colin ReidImagine · 11British kiln-cast glass artist
  • Karen BrowningStudio assistant to Reid for many years; winner of the British Glass Biennale (2022)
• Bert van Loo1Dutch glass sculptor; 2nd prize at the first Coburg Glass Prize (1977); taught glass sculpture at Pilchuck
  • Donald RobertsonMontréal-born cast-glass sculptor; Sheridan College glass program (graduated 1986), with a scholarship to Pilchuck to study glass sculpture with Bert van Loo; from 1988 helped build Espace VERRE in Montréal, where he taught and was technical head of the warm- and cold-glass studios
• Erwin Eisch^†Imagine · 5The German glass artist whose 1962 meeting with Harvey Littleton helped carry the studio movement to Europe; shown at Habatat in 2005
• Vicke Lindstrand9The Swedish line. At Orrefors from 1928, where with Edvin Öhrström he developed the Ariel technique; artistic director of Kosta Glasbruk (1950–73), the glassworks that became Kosta Boda. The designers below worked at Kosta, Boda and Kosta Boda, as colleagues as much as heirs
  • Erik HöglundDesigner named with Lindstrand in Kosta Boda’s history; Monica Backström’s partner and collaborator (1968–72)
  • Monica BackströmWon the competition for Kosta’s 100th anniversary (1965) and designed for Kosta for forty years
  • Bertil VallienImagine · 30Konstfack (ceramics, 1961), then USC in Los Angeles; joined Boda glassworks in 1963 and stayed with Kosta Boda, pioneering sand-cast glass; Habatat placed his Passage, the “Million Dollar Boat,” at the Flint Institute of Arts (2016)
  • Ulrica Hydman VallienMet Bertil Vallien as a student in Stockholm and married him in 1963; her painted glass for Kosta Boda became one of its signatures
  • Ann Wolff^†Imagine · 26Known as Ann Wärff during her years as a designer at Pukeberg and Kosta (born Ann Schaefer; took the name Wolff in 1985). Ulm School of Design (1959); taught at Pilchuck from 1977; a founder of the international Studio Glass Movement; professor at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste, Hamburg (1993–98); 1st prize, Coburg Glass Prize 1977
  • Göran WärffImagine · 1Designer at Kosta, married to Ann Wärff until 1985
  • Kjell EngmanImagine · 2Kosta Boda designer
  • Anna EhrnerKosta Boda designer
  • Mona Morales-Schildt^†Kosta designer
• Finn Lynggaard1The father of Danish studio glass. Trained in painting and ceramics in Copenhagen (1955); met studio glass in 1970 while lecturing at Sheridan College, Oakville, Ontario; set up a glassblowing studio in Ebeltoft (1980) and co-founded Glasmuseet Ebeltoft (1985)
  • Tchai MunchHis assistant at the Ebeltoft summer workshop, then his partner and wife; co-founder of Glasmuseet Ebeltoft
• Oiva Toikka^†Finnish glass designer. Trained in ceramics at the University of Art and Design Helsinki; Arabia (1956–59); Nuutajärvi glassworks from 1963; his Birds by Toikka (from 1972, more than 400 mouth-blown birds) and Kastehelmi tableware for Iittala; Lunning Prize (1970), Prins Eugen Medal (2001)
• François Décorchemont31880–1971. French master of pâte de verre at Conches-en-Ouche, Normandy, now home to the Musée du Verre François Décorchemont
  • Antoine LeperlierHis grandson (born 1953); began his apprenticeship in pâte de verre under Décorchemont in 1968 and works in Conches; first United States exhibition at Habatat, 1989
  • Etienne Leperlier1His grandson (1952–2014); learned pâte de verre with his brother Antoine in Décorchemont’s studio
    • Juliette LeperlierEtienne’s daughter; assistant teacher of pâte de verre with him at Sars-Poteries
• Verrerie de Biot1Glassworks at Biot, on the French Riviera, founded in 1956
  • Alain & Marisa BégouAlain Bégou (born 1945) discovered glassblowing in 1967 while maintaining the furnaces at the Biot glassworks, then learned the craft at Allex (Drôme); in 1979 he opened a studio at Villetelle (Hérault), where Marisa (born 1948) joined him. From about 1994 their work centered on glass powders that Marisa composes; their showing at the first Aperto Vetro in Venice (1996) brought them international notice

The design line: Finland and Denmark

Glass and design grew up together in the Nordic glassworks, where factories hired artists, architects and designers to work with their master blowers. With Murano’s Venini, Finnish and Danish design shaped modern glass long before the studio movement. Lines here are the glassworks where designers worked, not teacher and student. The Finnish designers below appear in Glass from Finland in the Bischofberger Collection (Le Stanze del Vetro, Venice, 2015; curated by Kaisa Koivisto of the Finnish Glass Museum and Pekka Korvenmaa of Aalto University), more than 300 works from the 1930s to the 1970s. See also the Swedish line (Kosta and Orrefors) and the Venetian line.

• Karhula & Iittala6Finnish glassworks, later Iittala
  • Göran Hongell1902–1973. The first designer hired by a Finnish glassworks, at Karhula-Iittala
  • Aino Aalto1894–1949. Pitcher, mug and tumbler for Karhula (1932)
  • Alvar Aalto1898–1976. The Aalto vase (1936–37) and Aalto-kukka (Aalto flower) plate, bowls and vase (1939), made at Karhula
  • Gunnel Nyman^†1909–1948. Ruispelto (Rye Field) vase for Karhula (1937)
  • Tapio Wirkkala^†1915–1985. Iittala: Jääpala (Chunk of Ice) bowl (1950), Pilkkiavanto (Hole in the Ice) plate (1970); also designed for Venini
  • Timo Sarpaneva1926–2006. Iittala: Kajakki (Kayak) bowl (1953) and the i-glass collection
• Riihimäki3Finnish glassworks; home of the Finnish Glass Museum
  • Arttu Brummer1891–1951. Bowl with lid (1936) and the Finlandia vase (1945)
  • Nanny StillDesigner at Riihimäki
  • Tamara AladinDesigner at Riihimäki
• Nuutajärvi3Finland’s oldest glassworks, founded 1793, later part of Iittala
  • Gunnel Nyman^†Pärlbandet (String of Pearls) vase (1947)
  • Kaj Franck1911–1989. Pitchers (1954); the glassworks’ artistic leader
  • Oiva Toikka^†From 1963: Kastehelmi (about 1964), the unique Pampula vase (1968), Kiikkuri (Red-throated Diver, 1975) and the Birds by Toikka
• Holmegaard3Danish glassworks, founded 1825
  • Jacob E. Bang1Artistic director (1928–41)
    • Michael BangHis son; designer at Holmegaard from 1968
  • Per LütkenDesigner at Holmegaard from 1942 until his death in 1998

The Venetian line: Murano

Seven centuries of glassmaking families on the island of Murano, where Venice moved its furnaces in 1291, and the masters who carried their techniques to the studio movement. A separate arm of the tree: lines here are family, apprenticeship and the glassworks where masters and designers worked together. Family lines and firm histories from Murano Magic: Complete Guide to Venetian Glass, Its History and Artists (Schiffer Publishing).

• Jacobello Barovier19About 1290–1339; the first documented member of the Barovier family of Murano glassmakers (1324). The firm became Barovier & Toso
  • Antonio BarovierAbout 1312–1360. His son
  • Bartolomeo Barovier17About 1315–1380. His son
    • Jacobello Barovier (d. 1398)1Son of Bartolomeo
      • Salvatore Barovier^†His son
    • Viviano Barovier12Died 1399. Son of Bartolomeo
      • Jacopo Barovier^†11About 1380–1457. His son
        • Angelo Barovier^†71405–1460. Master glassmaker who developed cristallo, clear Venetian crystal, granted rights by the Venetian Republic around 1455
          • Marietta BarovierHis daughter (Maria), celebrated for the rosetta (chevron) bead
          • Giovanni Barovier^†Died 1502. His son
          • Francesco BarovierDied 1503. His son
          • Marino BarovierDied 1485. His son
          • Nicolò Barovier^†His son
          • Alvise Barovier1His son
            • Angelo Barovier (“Angeletto”)Died 1540. His son; father of Alvise, whose sons were Angelo, Domenico (d. 1578) and Pietro
        • Salvatore Barovier^†Died 1475. Brother of Angelo
        • Marco BarovierBrother of Angelo
        • Taddeo BarovierDied 1480. Brother of Angelo
    • Simeone BarovierDied 1435. Son of Bartolomeo; father of Bartolomeo (d. 1448)
    • Giuliano BarovierSon of Bartolomeo; father of Bartolomeo (d. 1456) and Pietro
• Giuseppe Barovier (b. 1790)12Head of the modern Barovier line, whose grandsons founded Fratelli Barovier (1878), later Artisti Barovier and Barovier & Toso
  • Antonio Barovier (b. 1822)9His son
    • Giuseppe Barovier11853–1942. Began at Salviati & C. and became one of Murano’s most accomplished masters; with his brothers and uncle Giovanni founded Fratelli Barovier (1878) as supplier to Salviati’s new firm; hailed in 1913 as “the true heir to the genius of his 16th century ancestors”
      • Napoleone Barovier1881–1957. His son; Archimede Seguso trained under him, and he co-founded Barovier Seguso e Ferro (1933)
    • Benvenuto Barovier51855–1932. Co-founder of Fratelli Barovier
      • Diego Adiaceno BarovierBorn 1880. His son
      • Nicolò Barovier^†1886–1947. His son; with Ercole took over the firm in 1920
      • Ercole Barovier21889–1974. With his brother Nicolò took over the family firm from their father in 1920; its artistic force for more than fifty years. In 1936 the firm merged with Ferro Toso, becoming Barovier & Toso
        • Angelo Barovier^†1Born 1927. His son
          • Jacopo Barovier^†Born 1950. His son
    • Benedetto Barovier1857–1930. Co-founder of Fratelli Barovier
  • Giovanni Barovier^†1839–1908. His son; co-founded Fratelli Barovier with his nephews (1878)
  • Vittorio Zecchin^†Showed glass made at the Barovier furnace at the 1914 Venice Biennale; with Teodoro Wolf-Ferrari designed murrine executed by Artisti Barovier (1913); later taught at the Abate Zanetti school for apprentice glassmakers (from 1936)
• The Toso family9Glassmakers on Murano since at least 1407; their works included Fratelli Toso and Aureliano Toso, and the line joined the Barovier firm in 1936
  • Pietro Toso71798–1862. With his six sons Angelo, Giovanni, Ferdinando, Carlo, Gregorio and Liberato founded the firm in 1854 that became Vetreria Fratelli Toso
    • Ermanno Toso21903–1973. Grandson of Liberato Toso; artistic director of Fratelli Toso from 1924
      • Renato TosoHis son; architect who designed for Fratelli Toso (1959–70), then with his wife Noti Massari for Barovier & Toso
      • Giusto TosoHis son; architect who designed for Fratelli Toso (1959–63)
    • Aureliano Toso31894–1979. Grandson of Ferdinando Toso; founded Vetri Decorativi Rag. Aureliano Toso (1938)
      • Dino Martens^†Painter who became artistic director of Aureliano Toso from 1939
      • Aldo Bon^†Master glassblower at Aureliano Toso (1939–55), who executed Dino Martens’s designs; first glassblower of the Fucina degli Angeli (1950); founded Vetreria Aldo Bon (1960)
      • Gianfranco TosoHis son; joined the firm in 1968
  • Gianni TosoOf the Toso glassmaking family; began in a Murano glass factory at ten and studied at an arts academy from fourteen; rendered Salvador Dalí’s flowers in glass (a set acquired by the Corning Museum of Glass about 1981); after a studio glass symposium in the United States he moved there, and works in his Baltimore studio, known for lampworked figures
• Antonio Salviati61816–1890. Founded the Salviati firm and, in 1866, the Compagnia Venezia Murano; revived Venetian mosaic and blown glass for a world market
  • Lorenzo Radi11803–1874. Revived Murano’s ancient mosaic glass; co-founded the Salviati firm (1859) with Antonio Salviati and Enrico Podio
    • Giulio Radi^†1895–1952. Of the Radi family’s later generations; artistic director of Successori Andrea Rioda (1921) and of Arte Vetraria Muranese (1939–52)
  • Antonio Seguso1828–1903. A leading master glassblower of Murano’s 19th-century renaissance; master foreman at Salviati & C.
  • Isidoro SegusoDied 1897. Master glassblower at Salviati & C.; with Giuseppe Barovier, one of the two leading masters of Murano
  • Giulio SalviatiHis son; founded Giulio Salviati & C. with Maurizio Camerino (1896), whose family later directed Salviati & C.
  • Dino Martens^†Designer for Salviati & C. from 1932
• Paolo Venini291895–1959. Founded Vetri Soffiati Muranesi Cappellin Venini & C. in 1921, later Venini & C., and brought artists and architects to the furnace
  • Vittorio Zecchin^†Artistic director of Cappellin Venini (1921–25), whose light, classical vases were the first modern Murano glass
  • Napoleone MartinuzziSculptor from a Murano glass family; creative director for Venini until 1932, and director of the Murano glass museum (1922–31); founded Zecchin Martinuzzi with Vittorio Zecchin (1932), where Alfredo Barbini was a master glassblower
  • Carlo Scarpa1Venetian architect whose glass designs for Venini (1932–47) the Metropolitan Museum showed in 2013
    • Tobia ScarpaHis son; glass designer at Venini (1957–61)
  • Fulvio BianconiDesigner of the Fazzoletto (handkerchief) vases with Paolo Venini
  • Gio PontiMilanese architect and designer; glass for Venini from the 1940s
  • Massimo VignelliDesigned lighting and glass for Venini in the 1950s
  • Thomas StearnsAmerican designer who worked at the Venini furnace (1960–62)
  • Ludovico Diaz de SantillanaPaolo Venini’s son-in-law; led Venini after 1959 and designed for it; father of Laura de Santillana
  • Toni ZuccheriDesigner at Venini from the 1960s, known for glass birds
  • Ettore SottsassDesigned glass for Venini
  • Gae AulentiDesigned glass for Venini
  • Alessandro MendiniDesigned glass for Venini
  • Alessandro Diaz de SantillanaPaolo Venini’s grandson, son of Ludovico Diaz de Santillana and Anna Venini; designed series for Venini (1982–85)
  • Laura de SantillanaImagine · 71Paolo Venini’s granddaughter; designed for Venini (1975–85), co-founded EOS Design nel Vetro, then made sculpture with Pino Signoretto, Lino Tagliapietra and Simone Cenedese
    • Massimo MicheluzziBorn in Venice in 1957; came to glass as Venini’s photographer (1977–78), worked with Laura de Santillana from 1993, represented Archimede Seguso’s Venice gallery (1994–97), and began his own carved murrine and battuto work in 1997
  • Tapio Wirkkala^†Finnish designer among Venini’s international collaborators
  • Mona Morales-Schildt^†Swedish designer who worked with Venini as well as Kosta
  • Richard Marquis^†Imagine · 10Fulbright guest designer at Venini (1969), one of the first Americans to work in a Venetian glass factory; mastered murrine and brought it home
  • Dale Chihuly^†Imagine · 7Worked at Venini on a Fulbright (1968), the visit that began his exchange with Lino Tagliapietra
  • Giacomo CappellinCo-founded the firm with Paolo Venini (1921); left in 1925, taking Vittorio Zecchin and the master glassblowers, to found Maestri Vetrai Muranesi Cappellin & C.
  • Giovanni Seguso (“Nane Patare”)^†1853–1931. Master glassblower and technical director of Cappellin Venini from 1921; Paolo Venini said “Nane Patare taught me everything about glass”
  • Emilio Nason^†Master glassblower at Venini; co-founded Arte Vetraria Muranese (1932)
  • Arturo Biasutto (“Boboli”)Venini’s senior master glassblower, who executed Fulvio Bianconi’s figures for the 1948 Venice Biennale
  • Francesco Ongaro (“Checco”)Joined Venini at 13 and stayed his whole career; the young master who executed Thomas Stearns’s designs (1960–62)
  • Tyra LundgrenSwedish designer; the first non-Italian, and the first woman working alone, to be employed on Murano as a designer
  • Ken ScottAmerican painter; designed solid glass fish for Venini (1951)
  • Pietro FornasettiDesigned the Corni da Caccia series for Venini
  • Grete KorsmoNorwegian artist; glass necklaces for Venini (1959)
• Alfredo Barbini61912–2007. Began at 13 in the Ferro Toso factory; master glassblower at Zecchin & Martinuzzi, then with Archimede Seguso and Napoleone Martinuzzi; artistic director of Cenedese, known for his massive glass and sommerso; founded Vetreria Alfredo Barbini in 1950 with his children Oceania and Flavio
  • Livio SegusoImagine · 28Born on Murano in 1930, of the Seguso glassmaking family; nephew, pupil and then assistant of Alfredo Barbini, with whom he worked as a master until 1958; maestro at Salviati & C. from 1959; opened his own glassworks in 1969 and turned to abstract sculpture in glass; retrospective In principio era la goccia, Murano Glass Museum (2018–21); 28 works in the Imagine Museum collection Corey developed
  • Flavio BarbiniHis son, who ran the glassworks with him
  • Pino Signoretto1944–2017. Apprentice and then worker for Alfredo Barbini and Livio Seguso from 1959, a maestro by 1960; Murano’s great figurative sculptor in solid glass, who made sculpture with Laura de Santillana and many visiting artists; master with Angelo Seguso at Sculture Artistiche Muranesi (1973–78) before opening his own workshop (1978); from 1989 taught Murano techniques, mainly in the United States
  • Davide SalvadoreImagine · 42Born on Murano in 1953 into a family of glassworkers; worked with Alfredo Barbini and assisted at Venini and Barovier & Toso before founding his own studio; a founding member of Centro Studio Vetro
    • Marco SalvadoreImagine · 5His son, working in the studio
    • Mattia SalvadoreHis son, working in the studio
• Severino Bubacco1Murano glass artist whose career included time in the United States
  • Lucio BubaccoImagine · 5His son, born on Murano in 1957; a lampworker from boyhood, licensed as an artisan at fifteen; studied anatomical drawing with Alessandro Rossi (1980) and became known for figures in motion in soft Murano glass; teaches at his Scuola Bubacco on Murano
• Loredano Rosin11936–1992. Son of a glassblower; apprentice and journeyman under several Murano masters; founded the Artvet factory with his brothers Mirko and Dino (1963) and his own studio in 1975, known for stylized figures and animals in solid glass
  • Dino RosinHis brother; apprenticed at Barovier & Toso at twelve, joined Artvet in 1963 and became Loredano’s assistant in 1975
• Archimede Seguso^†41909–1999. A master at 17 in the furnace where his father was a partner; founded the firm that became Seguso Vetri d’Arte (1933), then Vetreria Artistica Archimede Seguso (1944)
  • Flavio PoliArtistic director of Seguso Vetri d’Arte (1934–63), creator of its layered sommerso glass; Compasso d’Oro (1954)
  • Lino Tagliapietra^†Imagine · 272Apprenticed to Archimede Seguso in 1946, at twelve, and a maestro by 25; worked at Galliano Ferro, Venini, La Murrina and Effetre; taught at Pilchuck from 1979, opening Venetian technique to the American studio movement
    • Afro Celotto1Born 1963 into a Venetian glassmaking family; apprenticed to Tagliapietra at fourteen and a master glassblower about twelve years later; first master at La Murrina (filigrana and murrine), then head glass master at Effetre International; co-founded Art Glass Studio with Nicola Foccardi (2010); invited David Patchen to Murano in 2004
      • David PatchenImagine · 1Took up glass in 2001 and studied at Pilchuck; invited to Murano by Celotto in 2004 after they met at the Glass Art Society conference; works in Italian cane and murrine at Public Glass, San Francisco
• The Seguso family7Glassmakers on Murano since the 1500s
  • Giovanni Seguso (“Nane Patare”)^†61853–1931. Master glassblower; technical director at Cappellin Venini (1921) and Paolo Venini’s teacher
    • Antonio Seguso (“Toni Patare”)51884–1965. His son, a master glassblower
      • Archimede Seguso^†2Trained under Napoleone Barovier and his father; with his father and brothers co-founded Barovier Seguso e Ferro (1933); Vetreria Archimede Seguso from 1946–47
        • Gino SegusoHis eldest son
        • Giampaolo SegusoHis son; founded Seguso Viro (1993), joined by his sons Pierpaolo and Gianandrea
      • Ernesto Seguso1908–1986. Co-founder of Barovier Seguso e Ferro (1933)
      • Alberto SegusoCo-founder of Barovier Seguso e Ferro (1933)
• The Nason family5From Antonio Nason (born 1769), a master glassblower whose sons began the Sisto, Tonde and Bote branches
  • Emilio Nason^†11891–1959. Master glassblower at Venini; co-founded Arte Vetraria Muranese (1932)
    • Aldo NasonHis son; executed Giulio Radi’s designs at A.VE.M. and designed for it himself
  • Italo Nason (“Otello”)11894–1966. Master glassblower who executed Flavio Poli’s first glass designs
    • Ermanno Nason^†His son, born 1928; trained at Barovier & Toso; executed designs by Chagall, Braque and other artists for the Fucina degli Angeli, and by Fulvio Bianconi (1958–59)
  • Ugo Nason1870–1939. With his sons and the Moretti family founded Cristalleria Nason & Moretti (1923)
• Arte Vetraria Muranese (A.VE.M.)5Founded 1932 by Antonio Luigi Ferro (“Barba Gigi”) with his sons Egidio and Ottone Ferro, Emilio Nason, Galliano Ferro and Giulio Radi
  • Galliano Ferro21896–1984. Co-founder; left to found Vetreria Galliano Ferro (1955)
    • Giorgio FerroHis son; artistic director of A.VE.M. from 1952
    • Silvano TagliapietraLino Tagliapietra’s brother and Galliano Ferro’s son-in-law; at Galliano Ferro until 1972, then Venini
  • Giulio Radi^†Artistic director (1939–52)
  • Luciano FerroGrandson of the founder; a master glassblower for the Fucina degli Angeli
• Vetreria Vistosi4Founded 1945 by Guglielmo Vistosi, of a long line of Murano glassmakers; led after 1952 by his sons Gino and Luciano and his brother Oreste
  • Alessandro PianonArchitect; the Pulcini glass birds (1962)
  • Pollio PereldaPainter; designed for Vistosi (1962–68)
  • Angelo MangiarottiArchitect; designs for Vistosi (1967–72)
  • Ginny Ruffner^†Imagine · 6American artist, trained at the University of Georgia and teaching at Pilchuck from 1984; invited to design for Vistosi (1989)
• Gino Cenedese3Founded Gino Cenedese (1946) with the master glassblowers Gino Fort, Pietro Scaramal and Angelo Tosi and with Edgardo Valmarana
  • Antonio Da Ros1Architect; artistic director from 1958
    • Paolo Da RosHis brother; designed for Cenedese from 1964
  • Riccardo LicataDesigned the much-copied Aquarium series

The Berengo line: art in glass

A separate arm of the tree. In 1989 Adriano Berengo opened his studio on Murano to painters, sculptors, designers and architects who had never worked in glass, pairing them with Murano’s master glassblowers. From 2009 his Glasstress exhibitions, many of them collateral events of the Venice Biennale, brought glass into the fine art world. Lines here are invitations to the furnace, not teacher and student.

• Egidio Costantini6Founder of the Fucina degli Angeli in Venice, where Picasso, Chagall and Lucio Fontana worked with glass in the 1960s; the model Berengo followed. Founded in 1950 as the Centro Studio Pittori nell’Arte del Vetro di Murano
  • Aldo Bon^†Technical adviser and first glassblower (1950)
  • Ermanno Nason^†Executed designs by Chagall, Braque and others
  • Luigi MartensSon of Dino Martens; master glassblower for the Fucina
  • Gino FortMaster glassblower
  • Angelo TosiMaster glassblower
  • Yoichi OhiraCame from Japan to study sculpture in Venice (1973) and began working with the Fucina; later designed for Vetreria De Majo
• Adriano Berengo56Venetian entrepreneur; founded Berengo Studio on Murano in 1989 and the Fondazione Berengo, centre for contemporary art in glass
  • Kiki KogelnikOne of Berengo Studio’s first major collaborations
  • Glasstress 20095Palazzo Cavalli-Franchetti, a collateral event of the Venice Biennale; curated by Rosa Barovier Mentasti and Laura Mattioli Rossi. Invited to make new work in the Murano studio
    • Tony Cragg^†United Kingdom
    • Jan Fabre^†Belgium
    • OrlanFrance
    • Fred Wilson^†USA
    • Hye Rim LeeNew Zealand
  • Glasstress 201112With the Museum of Arts and Design, New York; works commissioned from artists and designers
    • Barbara BloomUSA
    • Jan Fabre^†Belgium
    • Vik Muniz^†Brazil
    • Tony Oursler^†USA
    • Javier PérezSpain
    • Thomas SchütteGermany
    • Kiki SmithUSA
    • Yutaka SoneJapan
    • Mike and Doug StarnUSA
    • Patricia UrquiolaSpain
    • Zaha HadidUnited Kingdom
    • Fred Wilson^†USA
  • Glasstress 20135“White Light/White Heat,” 55th Venice Biennale collateral event; curated by James Putnam and Adriano Berengo; more than 66 artists, among them
    • Tracey EminUnited Kingdom
    • Tony Oursler^†USA
    • Jaume Plensa^†Spain
    • Koen Vanmechelen^†Belgium
    • Ursula von RydingsvardUSA
  • Glasstress 20155“Gotika,” with the State Hermitage Museum; 56th Venice Biennale collateral event
    • Olafur EliassonDenmark
    • Erwin WurmAustria
    • Jaume Plensa^†Spain
    • Tony Cragg^†United Kingdom
    • Jake and Dinos ChapmanUnited Kingdom
  • Glasstress 20175The first stand-alone edition; curated by Dimitri Ozerkov, Herwig Kempinger and Adriano Berengo
    • Ai WeiweiChina
    • Shirazeh HoushiaryUnited Kingdom
    • Vik Muniz^†Brazil
    • Sarah SzeUSA
    • Karen LaMonte^†Imagine · 23USA
  • Glasstress 20196Thirty years of Berengo Studio; curated by Koen Vanmechelen and Vik Muniz
    • Koen Vanmechelen^†Belgium
    • Vik Muniz^†Brazil
    • Prune NourryFrance
    • José ParláUSA
    • Xavier VeilhanFrance
    • Robert Wilson^†USA
  • Glasstress 20227“State of Mind,” at the Berengo Art Space, a Murano furnace abandoned in 1965
    • Tony Cragg^†United Kingdom
    • Jaume Plensa^†Spain
    • Robert Wilson^†USA
    • Jan Fabre^†Belgium
    • Tim Tate^†Imagine · 7USA
    • Michael Janis^†Imagine · 1USA
    • Chris SheaUSA
  • Glass to Glass22021, collateral event of the Venice Architecture Biennale, with WonderGlass
    • Maarten BaasNetherlands
    • Sam BaronFrance

Lines shown are documented relationships: student and teacher, teaching assistant, or studio assistant. The tree is a work in progress: many more programs on the list below descend from these artists and their students, and branches are added as each lineage is confirmed. Entries marked “Added by the artist” are self-reported and reviewed before they appear. The Czech teaching lines (Drahoňovský, Štipl, Holeček, Kaplický, Libenský, Kopecký, Harcuba, Plesl, Karel and Bílek) follow Sylva Petrová’s Czech Glass and Bohemian Glass: The Great Masters (Skira), with the Bratislava graduates from Slovak Contemporary Glass (Gallery NOVA, 2008). Australia’s first generation, its schools and its studios draw on Noris Ioannou’s Australian Studio Glass: The Movement, Its Makers and Their Art (Craftsman House, 1995), from its artist biographies. The Australian and Pacific Northwest links draw on Links: Australian Glass and the Pacific Northwest (Museum of Glass, Tacoma, 2013), curated by Vicki Halper. Littleton’s circle also draws on Joan Falconer Byrd, Harvey K. Littleton: A Life in Glass (2011). With additional notes from David Huchthausen.

The Glass Family Tree© was conceived and created by Corey Hampson. © Corey Hampson. All rights reserved.

Studio glass, teacher to student

Are you on the tree?

Artists can add themselves: who you studied with, assisted or worked beside, or the school, studio or program where you trained. If your path was your own, choose independent. Every entry is reviewed before it appears.

Thank you. Your entry has been received and will appear once it is reviewed.

Link to us

Artists, schools, glass programs and museums: link your website or profile to your place here. Choose who you are, start typing your name and pick it from the list.

Artist School or glass program Museum

Your name, as it appears on this site

Where glass is passed hand to hand

Much of glass is learned on a team, at the bench beside a master. These studios, workshops and teams are where many of the lines in the tree crossed.

Studying glass

University glass began with Harvey Littleton. After his 1962 workshops at the Toledo Museum of Art, widely credited as the founding moments of the American Studio Glass Movement, he established the first university-level glass program in the United States at the University of Wisconsin–Madison that same year. Today students can earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts in glass at institutions around the world. These are the American collegiate programs.

Craft schools

Glass residencies worldwide

Where glass artists go to make new work: residencies, visiting-artist programs and academies, from each host’s own pages. Terms change every year, so check each program before applying.

From industry to studio

Before glass came to the studio it lived in the factory. These glassworks trained the designers, engineers and master blowers who carried their skills into studio glass.

○ Program founded or led by someone who studied, assisted or worked with Harvey Littleton, or by one of their students; see the Glass Family Tree© above. From the “Glass BFA Programs” exhibition panel at the Barry Art Museum, Old Dominion University (2023), with text by Suzanne Peterson, Manager of Education & Engagement and UW–Madison Glass, Class of 2015. Programs change; check with each school for current offerings.

Every artist, and where they fit

All 2228 artists from the glass world on this site. The 453 marked ● are placed in the tree or the studios above; the rest are waiting for their lines to be documented. Know who someone studied with, assisted or worked beside? That is how the tree grows.